Modeling math
is the muscle tension (~frequency) at time t.
“Effort”
Each target encodes some linguistic information, ri is the error of the ith target, and si is its importance.
y is the ith pitch target and a bar denotes an average over a target.
“Error”
More details of this model can be found in G. P. Kochanski, C. Shih, H. Jing, A Quantitative measurement of prosodic strength in Mandarin, 2003 Speech Communication 41(4) 625-645, or http://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S0167639303001006.