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Greg Kochanski (Oxford Phonetics) |
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Chilin Shih (University of Illinois) |
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Tan Lee (CUHK) |
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Hongyan Jing (IBM) |
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Jiahong Yuan (Cornell) |
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Is it phonetics or phonology or physiology? |
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How to build a mathematical model? |
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How *do* tone languages implement prosody? |
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Can we objectively assign an importance to a
syllable? |
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How simple might English intonational phonology
be? |
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Explain intonation in a way that is: |
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Consistent with the most basic linguistic
assumptions |
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Falsifiable |
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Reductionist |
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Consistent with known Physiology, Biology and
Physics. |
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People plan their utterances several syllables
in advance. |
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People produce speech optimized to meet their
needs. |
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A realistic model for the muscles that control f0 |
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People want to minimize the chance that they
will be misunderstood. |
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Risk = P(misinterpreted) * cost(misinterpreted) |
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People want to minimize effort and/or talk
faster |
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Chairs, Cars |
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How to combine the two? |
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A weighted sum. |
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We allow each syllable to have a different
weight |
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Perhaps weight matches importance. |
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For s>>1, Error (R) dominates, and pitch
matches target. |
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For s<<1, Effort (G) dominates, both
speaker and listener accept large deviations, and pitch smoothly
interpolates. |
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For s~1, everything compromises. |
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A: What is 2 meters + 3 kilograms ? |
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“Effort” can have energy units. |
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“Error” can be a pure number (error
probability). |
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A multiplier is needed to make the units agree. |
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A: Strength = cost of a misinterpretation |
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Intonation (pitch) is one of the more important
components of prosody. |
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Also duration, loudness, facial expressions. |
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A model is a sequence of targets. |
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Each target has a strength. |
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One target per tone. |
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Targets are stretched to fit syllable duration. |
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Only one phonological rule: 33®23 |
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Intonation is represented as: |
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a small
set of discrete symbols, in sequence, |
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modulated by a variable prosodic strength, with |
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a per-person or per-style shape for each symbol |
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One symbol per syllable seems enough |
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The basic mechanisms could be common across all
languages. |
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The strength parameter seems real |
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Similar across languages |
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Matches language structure |
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Notes